{"id":98875,"date":"2021-06-28T08:14:27","date_gmt":"2021-06-28T08:14:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dievolkswirtschaft.ch\/2021\/06\/largent-liquide-a-encore-de-beaux-jours-devant-lui\/"},"modified":"2023-08-23T22:49:32","modified_gmt":"2023-08-23T20:49:32","slug":"doch-kein-aus-fuer-das-bargeld","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dievolkswirtschaft.ch\/de\/2021\/06\/doch-kein-aus-fuer-das-bargeld\/","title":{"rendered":"Doch kein Aus f\u00fcr das Bargeld"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Lockdowns und Hygienemassnahmen haben Zahlungen mit Kredit- und Debitkarten sowie Zahlungen \u00fcber das Smartphone einen Schub verliehen. Zwischen M\u00e4rz und September 2020 stiegen beispielsweise die Internet- und Versandhandelseink\u00e4ufe in der EU gegen\u00fcber dem Vorjahreszeitraum um \u00fcber 10 Prozent.<a href=\"#footnote_1\" id=\"footnote-anchor_1\" class=\"inline-footnote__anchor\">[1]<\/a> Sind die Tage des Bargelds also gez\u00e4hlt? Wohl kaum. Denn was in der laufenden Bargeld-Debatte unterzugehen droht, ist die Erkenntnis, dass Banknoten auch in der postindustriellen Gesellschaft vor allem als Wertaufbewahrungsmittel dienen.<\/p>\n<p>Gerade in unsicheren Zeiten wie w\u00e4hrend der Corona-Pandemie scheint die Nachfrage nach Bargeld besonders gross. So stiegen die sich im Umlauf befindenden Banknotenvolumina der Schweizerischen Nationalbank zwischen M\u00e4rz 2020 und Februar 2021 um 5,9 Prozent, was einer Zunahme von 131 Milliarden Franken entspricht (siehe <em>Abbildung<\/em>). Im Vorjahreszeitraum hatte der Anstieg 3,3 Prozent betragen.<a href=\"#footnote_2\" id=\"footnote-anchor_2\" class=\"inline-footnote__anchor\">[2]<\/a> Dasselbe Ph\u00e4nomen l\u00e4sst sich auch in der Eurozone sowie in den USA beobachten.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"text__graphic-title\"><strong>Banknotenumlauf der Schweizerischen Nationalbank (1950 bis Februar 2021)<\/strong><\/h3>\n<div class=\"chart chart--normal\" id=\"Beretta-07-2021_DE\"><\/div>\n<script>\n\n\n\n$(function () {\n    $('#Beretta-07-2021_DE').highcharts({   \n  chart: {\n        type: 'line'\n    },\n    title: {\n        text: ''\n    },\n    subtitle: {\n        text: ''\n    },\n    xAxis: {\n    \n    title: {\n                text: ''\n            },\n        categories: [\n        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      \n           },  \n          \n          \n           \n           \n           \n           ]\n});\n\n});\n\n<\/script>\n<p><span class=\"text__quelle--ground\">Quelle: SNB: <a href=\"https:\/\/data.snb.ch\/de\/topics\/snb#!\/chart\/snbmobalech\">Notenbankgeldmenge&lt;\/a&gt;; Berechnung des Autors \/ Die Volkswirtschaft<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p>Das Vertrauen ins Papiergeld ist dabei ein eher j\u00fcngeres Ph\u00e4nomen. Ein vielleicht noch gr\u00f6sseres Vertrauen genoss bis in die Siebzigerjahre das Gold. So konnte man den Dollar bis ins Jahr 1971 gegen das Edelmetall umtauschen. Als Anfang 1976 weite Teile der Goldreserven weltweit mit Unterst\u00fctzung des Internationalen W\u00e4hrungsfonds verkauft wurden, war das Papiergeld pl\u00f6tzlich auf sich gestellt \u2013 und zum \u00abneuen\u00bb Gold umfunktioniert.<\/p>\n<p>Da das Papiergeld quasi aus dem Nichts gesch\u00f6pft ist, bezeichnet man es auch als Fiatgeld: Der Wert von Papiergeld ergibt sich nicht aus dem Herstellungsmaterial \u2212 schliesslich belaufen sich die <a href=\"https:\/\/www.snb.ch\/de\/iabout\/cash\/cash_lifecycle\/id\/cash_lifecycle_costs#:~:text=Sie%20belaufen%20sich%20im%20Durchschnitt%20auf%20rund%2040%20Rappen\">Herstellungskosten<\/a> Schweizer Banknoten auf durchschnittlich 40 Rappen pro St\u00fcck \u2212, sondern vielmehr in Verbindung zu G\u00fctern, Waren und Dienstleistungen, wie sie im Bruttoinlandprodukt erfasst sind.<\/p>\n<h2><strong>Fragw\u00fcrdige Bargeldlimits<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>Weitaus bedenklicher f\u00fcr den Fortbestand von Bargeld als die Digitalisierung sind an Dirigismus grenzende staatliche Regulierungen. Um Schwarzgeld und Terrorfinanzierung zu bek\u00e4mpfen, haben zahlreiche europ\u00e4ische L\u00e4nder Obergrenzen f\u00fcr Bargeldzahlungen eingef\u00fchrt. In Frankreich und Portugal liegt das Limit beispielsweise bei 1000 Euro pro Einwohner. Genauso kritisch zu betrachten ist auch die Bestrebung der Zentralbanken, neu digitales Zentralbankgeld \u2013 sogenanntes digitales Bargeld \u2013 zu schaffen. Entsprechende Tests unter der Schirmherrschaft der Bank f\u00fcr Internationalen Zahlungsausgleich sind bereits weit fortgeschritten.<a href=\"#footnote_3\" id=\"footnote-anchor_3\" class=\"inline-footnote__anchor\">[3]<\/a> So wird die Europ\u00e4ische Zentralbank demn\u00e4chst entscheiden, ob sie komplement\u00e4r zu Bargeld auch einen digitalen Euro einf\u00fchren wird.<\/p>\n<p>Solche Pl\u00e4ne sind aus geldtheoretischer Sicht unbedacht, da sie die Relevanz der physischen Greifbarkeit des Geldes ausser Betracht lassen. Der Bankensturm auf die Filialen der britischen Bank Northern Rock im September 2007, als sich die ver\u00e4ngstigten Kunden ihre Ersparnisse bar auszahlen liessen, verdeutlicht diese psychologische Komponente von Bargeld exemplarisch.<\/p>\n<p>Hinzu kommt: Da beim digitalen Zentralbankgeld praktisch keine Herstellungskosten mehr anfallen, w\u00e4re die Versuchung f\u00fcr die Notenbanken noch gr\u00f6sser als heute, die Geldmenge auszuweiten. Dass digitales Notenbankgeld negativer Verzinsung zudem den Weg \u00f6ffnen und zum \u00abSchwundgeld\u00bb nach der Vorstellung des deutsch-argentinischen Finanztheoretikers Silvio Gesells umgestaltet w\u00fcrde, wird genauso wenig thematisiert. Mit Schwundgeld ist umlaufgesichertes Geld gemeint, das mit der Zeit an Wert verliert.<\/p>\n<p>Das Vertrauen in eine W\u00e4hrung gef\u00e4hrden auch neue Banknotenserien \u2013 insbesondere, wenn die alte Serie ihre G\u00fcltigkeit verliert.<a href=\"#footnote_4\" id=\"footnote-anchor_4\" class=\"inline-footnote__anchor\">[4]<\/a> Bekanntermassen ist auch die j\u00fcngst zur\u00fcckgerufene achte Banknotenserie der Schweizerischen Nationalbank nicht mehr als Zahlungsmittel g\u00fcltig. Die USA sind in dieser Hinsicht vorbildlich. Zum einen haben sie \u2013 wie \u00fcbrigens auch die Schweiz \u2013 nie eine Obergrenze f\u00fcr Barzahlungen festgelegt. Zum anderen sind sogar Dollarnoten, die im Ersten Weltkrieg gedruckt wurden, immer noch g\u00fcltig.<\/p>\n<p>Abschliessend l\u00e4sst sich sagen: Digitales und physisches Geld k\u00f6nnen (und sollen) zusammen bestehen. W\u00e4hrend Ersteres f\u00fcr Onlinezahlungen pr\u00e4destiniert ist, eignet sich Bargeld als Wertaufbewahrungsmittel.<\/p>\n<ol class=\"footnote\"><li id=\"footnote_1\" class=\"footnote--item\">Eurostat (2021).&nbsp;<a href=\"#footnote-anchor_1\" class=\"inline-footnote__anchor hidden-print\">[<span class=\"icon-arrow-up\"><\/span>]<\/a><\/li><li id=\"footnote_2\" class=\"footnote--item\">Berechnung anhand <a href=\"https:\/\/www.snb.ch\/de\/iabout\/cash\/id\/cash_circulation\">SNB-Notenumlauf<\/a>.&nbsp;<a href=\"#footnote-anchor_2\" class=\"inline-footnote__anchor hidden-print\">[<span class=\"icon-arrow-up\"><\/span>]<\/a><\/li><li id=\"footnote_3\" class=\"footnote--item\">BIZ (2020).&nbsp;<a href=\"#footnote-anchor_3\" class=\"inline-footnote__anchor hidden-print\">[<span class=\"icon-arrow-up\"><\/span>]<\/a><\/li><li id=\"footnote_4\" class=\"footnote--item\">SNB (2021).&nbsp;<a href=\"#footnote-anchor_4\" class=\"inline-footnote__anchor hidden-print\">[<span class=\"icon-arrow-up\"><\/span>]<\/a><\/li><\/ol>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Lockdowns und Hygienemassnahmen haben Zahlungen mit Kredit- und Debitkarten sowie Zahlungen \u00fcber das Smartphone einen Schub verliehen. Zwischen M\u00e4rz und September 2020 stiegen beispielsweise die Internet- und Versandhandelseink\u00e4ufe in der EU gegen\u00fcber dem Vorjahreszeitraum um \u00fcber 10 Prozent. Sind die Tage des Bargelds also gez\u00e4hlt? Wohl kaum. Denn was in der laufenden Bargeld-Debatte unterzugehen droht, [&hellip;]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":4214,"featured_media":98888,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"ep_exclude_from_search":false,"footnotes":""},"post__type":[66],"post_opinion":[],"post_serie":[],"post_content_category":[96],"post_content_subject":[],"acf":{"seco_author":4214,"seco_co_author":"","author_override":"","seco_author_post_ocupation_year":"","seco_author_post_occupation_de":"Dr. sc. ec. Dr. rer. pol., Dozent f\u00fcr internationale Makro\u00f6konomik, Universit\u00e0 della Svizzera italiana (USI), Lugano","seco_author_post_occupation_fr":"Charg\u00e9 de cours de macro\u00e9conomie internationale, Universit\u00e9 de la Suisse italienne (USI), Lugano (TI)","seco_co_authors_post_ocupation":null,"short_title":"Doch kein Aus f\u00fcr das Bargeld","post_lead":"Es mag erstaunen: W\u00e4hrend der Corona-Pandemie hat das Bargeldvolumen in der Schweiz zugenommen. Der Grund daf\u00fcr liegt in seiner Funktion als Wertaufbewahrungsmittel.","post_hero_image_description":"Der Pr\u00e4sident der Schweizerischen Nationalbank, Thomas Jordan, pr\u00e4sentiert im September 2019 die neue Hunderternote in Ayent VS.","post_hero_image_description_copyright_de":"Keystone","post_hero_image_description_copyright_fr":"Keystone","post_references_literature":"<ul>\r\n \t<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>BIZ (2020). <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bis.org\/press\/p201009.htm\">Central Banks and BIS Publish First Central Bank Digital Currency (CBDC) Report Laying Out Key Requirements<\/a>. 9. Oktober.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Eurostat (2021). <a href=\"https:\/\/appsso.eurostat.ec.europa.eu\/nui\/show.do?query=BOOKMARK_DS-075757_QID_1411862_UID_-3F171EB0&amp;layout=TIME,C,X,0;GEO,L,Y,0;NACE_R2,L,Y,1;INDIC_BT,L,Z,0;S_ADJ,L,Z,1;UNIT,L,Z,2;INDICATORS,C,Z,3;&amp;zSelection=DS-075757INDIC_BT,TOVV;DS-075757UNIT,PCH_SM;DS-075757INDICATORS,OBS_FLAG;DS-075757S_ADJ,CA;&amp;rankName1=UNIT_1_2_-1_2&amp;rankName2=INDIC-BT_1_2_-1_2&amp;rankName3=INDICATORS_1_2_-1_2&amp;rankName4=S-ADJ_1_2_-1_2&amp;rankName5=TIME_1_0_0_0&amp;rankName6=GEO_1_0_0_1&amp;rankName7=NACE-R2_1_0_1_1&amp;sortR=ASC_-1_FIRST&amp;sortC=ASC_-1_FIRST&amp;rStp=&amp;cStp=&amp;rDCh=&amp;cDCh=&amp;rDM=true&amp;cDM=true&amp;footnes=false&amp;empty=false&amp;wai=false&amp;time_mode=ROLLING&amp;time_most_recent=true&amp;lang=EN&amp;cfo=%23%23%23%2C%23%23%23.%23%23%23\">Turnover and Volume of Sales in Wholesale and Retail Trade \u2013 Monthly Data<\/a>. Retail Sale via Mail Order Houses or via Internet.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>SNB (2021). <a href=\"https:\/\/www.snb.ch\/de\/mmr\/reference\/pre_20210428\/source\/pre_20210428.de.pdf\">R\u00fcckruf Noten der 8. Banknotenserie.<\/a><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n&nbsp;","post_kasten":null,"post_notes_for_print":"","first_teaser_header_de":"","first_teaser_header_fr":"","first_teaser_text_de":"","first_teaser_text_fr":"","second_teaser_header_de":"","second_teaser_header_fr":"","second_teaser_text_de":"","second_teaser_text_fr":"","kseason_de":"","kseason_fr":"","post_in_pdf":98878,"main_focus":"","serie_email":null,"frontpage_slider_bild":98882,"artikel_bild-slider":null,"legacy_id":"104002","post_abstract":"Entgegen andauernden Prognosen ist Papier- und M\u00fcnzgeld alles andere als am Ende seiner Tage: Die Covid-19-Pandemie mit ihren gestiegenen Onlinek\u00e4ufen hat auch nichts daran \u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnen. Denn Bargeld hat im digitalen Zeitalter vor allem eine Wertaufbewahrungsmittelfunktion, die in Krisenzeiten besonders zum Vorschein kommt. Entscheidungstr\u00e4ger haben aus diesem Grund besonders daf\u00fcr Sorge zu tragen, dass die Rolle von Bargeld bewahrt wird.","magazine_issue":"20210701","seco_author_reccomended_post":"","redaktoren":"","korrektor":4139,"planned_publication_date":"20210703","original_files":null,"external_release_for_author":"20210620","external_release_for_author_time":"22:30:00","link_for_external_authors":"https:\/\/dievolkswirtschaft.ch\/de\/exedit\/63061c1708454"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/dievolkswirtschaft.ch\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/98875"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/dievolkswirtschaft.ch\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/dievolkswirtschaft.ch\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dievolkswirtschaft.ch\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4214"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dievolkswirtschaft.ch\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=98875"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/dievolkswirtschaft.ch\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/98875\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":174813,"href":"https:\/\/dievolkswirtschaft.ch\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/98875\/revisions\/174813"}],"acf:user":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dievolkswirtschaft.ch\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4139"},{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dievolkswirtschaft.ch\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4214"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dievolkswirtschaft.ch\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/98888"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/dievolkswirtschaft.ch\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=98875"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"post__type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dievolkswirtschaft.ch\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/post__type?post=98875"},{"taxonomy":"post_opinion","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dievolkswirtschaft.ch\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/post_opinion?post=98875"},{"taxonomy":"post_serie","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dievolkswirtschaft.ch\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/post_serie?post=98875"},{"taxonomy":"post_content_category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dievolkswirtschaft.ch\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/post_content_category?post=98875"},{"taxonomy":"post_content_subject","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dievolkswirtschaft.ch\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/post_content_subject?post=98875"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}