{"id":180178,"date":"2023-03-14T07:30:10","date_gmt":"2023-03-14T06:30:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dievolkswirtschaft.ch\/?p=180178"},"modified":"2023-08-24T01:37:23","modified_gmt":"2023-08-23T23:37:23","slug":"haro-sur-les-enquetes-dinvestigation","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dievolkswirtschaft.ch\/fr\/2023\/03\/haro-sur-les-enquetes-dinvestigation\/","title":{"rendered":"Haro sur les enqu\u00eates d\u2019investigation"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u00ab<em>Slapp<\/em>!\u00bb Ce qui sonne comme l\u2019onomatop\u00e9e d\u2019une gifle en anglais en cache effectivement une \u2013 \u00e0 la libert\u00e9 des m\u00e9dias. L&#8217;acronyme de \u00abStrategic Lawsuits Against Public Participation\u00bb (\u00e9galement appel\u00e9e poursuite-b\u00e2illons) d\u00e9signe les poursuites ou menaces de poursuites judiciaires visant \u00e0 intimider les journalistes d\u2019investigation et les ONG, les obligeant \u00e0 investir beaucoup de temps et de moyens financiers m\u00eame lorsqu\u2019elles n\u2019ont aucune chance d\u2019aboutir.<\/p>\n<p>Ces proc\u00e9dures \u00e9manent souvent de groupes ou d\u2019oligarques qui, forts de leurs batteries d\u2019avocats sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9s et de budgets de plusieurs millions, s\u2019attaquent \u00e0 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 civile, exploitant sciemment l\u2019immense d\u00e9s\u00e9quilibre entre les forces \u00e9conomiques en jeu.<\/p>\n<p>L\u2019assassinat en 2017 de la journaliste Daphne Caruana Galizia, qui luttait depuis longtemps contre la criminalit\u00e9 \u00e9conomique \u00e0 Malte, a propuls\u00e9 les <em>Slapp<\/em> sur le devant de la sc\u00e8ne internationale. En mai 2022, la Commission europ\u00e9enne a publi\u00e9 son projet de l\u00e9gislation contre les poursuites-b\u00e2illons qui permet aux juges de rejeter rapidement les poursuites manifestement infond\u00e9es, le requ\u00e9rant devant supporter les frais de proc\u00e9dure tandis que la cible a droit \u00e0 une r\u00e9paration des dommages.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"text__graphic-title content-quotes\">Les enqu\u00eates d\u2019investigation sont plus importantes que jamais dans la lutte contre la criminalit\u00e9 \u00e9conomique<\/span><\/p>\n<p>En Suisse aussi, les proc\u00e9dures judiciaires abusives se multiplient. Selon une enqu\u00eate de l\u2019\u0153uvre d\u2019entraide EPER men\u00e9e aupr\u00e8s de onze ONG, six y ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e9t\u00e9 confront\u00e9es, la plupart m\u00eame \u00e0 r\u00e9p\u00e9tition. Public Eye a fait l\u2019objet de quatre proc\u00e9dures judiciaires ces cinq derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es \u2013 \u00e0 ce jour sans condamnation, mais avec d\u2019importants frais de justice. Il est r\u00e9v\u00e9lateur que plusieurs des recherches en question ont pouss\u00e9 le Minist\u00e8re public de la Conf\u00e9d\u00e9ration \u00e0 mener ses propres enqu\u00eates, souvent contre de grands n\u00e9gociants de mati\u00e8res premi\u00e8res, des instituts financiers ou des oligarques connus. Les enqu\u00eates d\u2019investigation sont donc essentielles dans la lutte contre la criminalit\u00e9 \u00e9conomique comme la corruption.<\/p>\n<p>Certes, le \u00abPlan d\u2019action national pour la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 des journalistes en Suisse\u00bb \u2013 non contraignant \u2013 \u00e9labor\u00e9 par l\u2019Office f\u00e9d\u00e9ral de la communication en collaboration avec le secteur des m\u00e9dias mentionne le probl\u00e8me des <i>Slapp<\/i>, mais le Parlement n\u2019a m\u00eame pas daign\u00e9 traiter le sujet de la libert\u00e9 des m\u00e9dias, pourtant essentielle pour la d\u00e9mocratie. On observe actuellement un recul inqui\u00e9tant: en mai 2022, la r\u00e9vision du code de proc\u00e9dure civile a encore abaiss\u00e9 les obstacles aux \u00ab&nbsp;ordonnances superprovisionnelles&nbsp;\u00bb \u00e0 l\u2019encontre des m\u00e9dias et des ONG et, en novembre 2022, la Commission des affaires juridiques du Conseil national a rejet\u00e9 une initiative parlementaire demandant \u2013 \u00e0 l\u2019instar de la l\u00e9gislation europ\u00e9enne \u2013 une meilleure protection juridique contre les plaintes abusives.<\/p>\n<p>Ces atteintes \u00e0 la libert\u00e9 des m\u00e9dias doivent \u00eatre corrig\u00e9es d\u2019urgence. Les enqu\u00eates d\u2019investigation sont plus importantes que jamais dans la lutte contre la criminalit\u00e9 \u00e9conomique \u2013 notamment en Suisse.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u00abSlapp!\u00bb Ce qui sonne comme l\u2019onomatop\u00e9e d\u2019une gifle en anglais en cache effectivement une \u2013 \u00e0 la libert\u00e9 des m\u00e9dias. L&#8217;acronyme de \u00abStrategic Lawsuits Against Public Participation\u00bb (\u00e9galement appel\u00e9e poursuite-b\u00e2illons) d\u00e9signe les poursuites ou menaces de poursuites judiciaires visant \u00e0 intimider les journalistes d\u2019investigation et les ONG, les obligeant \u00e0 investir beaucoup de temps et [&hellip;]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":10301,"featured_media":180218,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"ep_exclude_from_search":false,"footnotes":""},"post__type":[81,80],"post_opinion":[86],"post_serie":[],"post_content_category":[105],"post_content_subject":[186,197,203,199],"acf":{"seco_author":10301,"seco_co_author":"","author_override":"","seco_author_post_ocupation_year":"","seco_author_post_occupation_de":"Fachleiterin Rohstoffe, Handel und Finanzen sowie Co-Gesch\u00e4ftsleiterin, Public Eye, Z\u00fcrich und Lausanne ","seco_author_post_occupation_fr":"Responsable du d\u00e9partement th\u00e9matique Mati\u00e8res premi\u00e8res, commerce et finance, Membre de la direction de Public Eye, Zurich et Lausanne ","seco_co_authors_post_ocupation":null,"short_title":"","post_lead":"","post_hero_image_description":"","post_hero_image_description_copyright_de":"","post_hero_image_description_copyright_fr":"","post_references_literature":"","post_kasten":null,"post_notes_for_print":"","first_teaser_header_de":"","first_teaser_header_fr":"","first_teaser_text_de":"","first_teaser_text_fr":"","second_teaser_header_de":"","second_teaser_header_fr":"","second_teaser_text_de":"","second_teaser_text_fr":"","kseason_de":"","kseason_fr":"","post_in_pdf":"","main_focus":[180846,180850],"serie_email":null,"frontpage_slider_bild":"","artikel_bild-slider":null,"legacy_id":"","post_abstract":"","magazine_issue":null,"seco_author_reccomended_post":"","redaktoren":"","korrektor":"","planned_publication_date":"","original_files":null,"external_release_for_author":null,"external_release_for_author_time":"","link_for_external_authors":"https:\/\/dievolkswirtschaft.ch\/fr\/exedit\/63db69cbaa0f1"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/dievolkswirtschaft.ch\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/180178"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/dievolkswirtschaft.ch\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/dievolkswirtschaft.ch\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dievolkswirtschaft.ch\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/10301"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dievolkswirtschaft.ch\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=180178"}],"version-history":[{"count":12,"href":"https:\/\/dievolkswirtschaft.ch\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/180178\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":181621,"href":"https:\/\/dievolkswirtschaft.ch\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/180178\/revisions\/181621"}],"acf:post":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dievolkswirtschaft.ch\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/main_focus_post\/180850"},{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dievolkswirtschaft.ch\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/main_focus_post\/180846"}],"acf:user":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dievolkswirtschaft.ch\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/10301"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dievolkswirtschaft.ch\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/180218"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/dievolkswirtschaft.ch\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=180178"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"post__type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dievolkswirtschaft.ch\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/post__type?post=180178"},{"taxonomy":"post_opinion","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dievolkswirtschaft.ch\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/post_opinion?post=180178"},{"taxonomy":"post_serie","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dievolkswirtschaft.ch\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/post_serie?post=180178"},{"taxonomy":"post_content_category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dievolkswirtschaft.ch\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/post_content_category?post=180178"},{"taxonomy":"post_content_subject","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dievolkswirtschaft.ch\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/post_content_subject?post=180178"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}